COP 28: Towards Progress or a Petrostate Smokescreen?
In just under a weeks’ time, world leaders, environment ministers, dignitaries, business leaders, climate scientists and journalists will all be in attendance for the 28th COP. This years event is held in Expo City, part of Dubai in the United Arab Emirates.
The Conference of the Parties, commonly known as COP, stands as a crucial global gathering where nations come together to address the pressing issue of climate change. As COP 28 unfolds, it is essential to understand the significance of this conference, reflect on the discussions at COP 27, delve into the controversies surrounding this year’s event, and explore the main talking points that will shape the future of our planet. Additionally in this blog, we’ll discuss how individuals can contribute to sustainability in the context of COP 28, instigating action on the local level.
Understanding COP: A Global Call to Action
The Conference of the Parties is an annual event convened by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Its primary goal is to unite countries in the fight against climate change by negotiating and implementing international climate agreements. These agreements aim to limit global temperature rise, mitigate the impacts of climate change, and transition to a sustainable and resilient future.
Why COP Matters: The Urgency of Climate Action
As of the end of October 2023, the carbon parts per million stood at 418.82 ppm [1]. 2022 was the 6th warmest year on record, since 1880 [2]. Weather-related disasters to hit the world has increased five-fold over the past 50 years [3]. The world is getting warmer and more volatile, at an alarming rate. There is a need for action.
COP is a pivotal forum because it provides a platform for countries to collectively address the challenges posed by climate change. The outcomes of these conferences shape international climate policies, influence global cooperation, and set the course for sustainable development. As climate change continues to accelerate, the importance of effective and immediate action discussed at COP cannot be overstated.
Reflecting on COP 27: Progress and Challenges
COP 27, held last year in Egypt, witnessed a mix of progress and challenges. Discussions centred around enhancing climate ambition, revising emission reduction targets, and mobilizing financial support for developing nations. Despite some positive strides, there were concerns about the slow pace of implementation and the need for more robust commitments from major emitting countries.
During COP 27, one of the main talking points was the ‘Loss and Damage‘ fund. Effects of climate change are decimating the planet, hitting the poorest people in the hardest way. The scheme outlines that LMIC countries will be financially reimbursed for the effects of climate change [4], as in most cases these nations have a negligible contribution to the majority of emissions. In principle, L&D is fair and just system – but how fast will this come to realisation? Many questions remain unanswered around this monetary system. Who will pay for this? Who will manage who pays what? Who is entitled to what share of money? The ‘Loss and Damage‘ fund is certainly something that will be discussed at great length during COP 28.
Controversies Surrounding COP 28: Navigating Obstacles
COP 28 is not without its share of controversies. Disagreements over burden-sharing, financial commitments, and the role of major economies have created tensions among participating nations. Additionally, there is controversy around the adequacy of proposed measures to keep global temperature rise within safe limits. Bridging these gaps will be essential for achieving meaningful outcomes at COP 28. The host nation of the COP has surrounded itself in a number of controversial issues. From failing to report its methane emissions [5], to significant gas flaring [6] and most contentious of all being the designated president Sultan Al Jaber, also sitting at the top of the countries main oil and gas company Adnoc [7]. Nonetheless, reports suggest UAE will not be afraid to pull any punches at the COP, setting out ambitious renewable energy targets and calling on others to do so in order to triple current levels by 2030.
While most eyes will be on the UAE, it is worth taking note of our situation back at home. The UK has recently dropped out of the top five most attractive countries for renewable energy investment [8], demonstrating the government’s wavering support for a green economy. Earlier this year, the UK government had set the auction price too low, consequently not attracting enough bids in order to expand the network. However, the government has recently just raised the price paid for energy generated by offshore wind farms by 66 per cent [9] in an attempt to increase applications from the market. As the graph below demonstrates, the UK’s supply of renewable energy has increased hugely since 1970. However we’re far from the rate we need to meet the net zero target – and the significant increase of investment in renewables is something this government is unlikely to commit to.
Main Talking Points at COP 28: A Glimpse into the Agenda
The involvement of petrostates and oil companies is not a negative thing in and of itself. The world needs the involvement of these groups more than any other in order to transition to a green future. But their interests can’t dictate the pace of change. Businesses must follow the science as closely as possible and they will be looking towards COP28 for guidance.
COP 28’s agenda is multifaceted, covering critical topics such as:
- Emission Reduction Targets: Negotiations will focus on strengthening emission reduction commitments to align with the latest scientific recommendations. The focus will be around the 1.5 degrees Paris Agreement.
- Climate Finance: Addressing financial support for developing countries to adapt to climate impacts and transition to sustainable practices is a key focus. The divisive ‘Loss and Damage’ fund will be a talking point.
- Nature-Based Solutions: Discussions will explore the role of ecosystems in climate mitigation and adaptation strategies.
- Global Solidarity: The conference aims to foster global solidarity in the face of climate challenges, emphasizing the interconnectedness of nations in the fight against climate change.
Contributing to Sustainability: Your Role in the Climate Story
While global leaders negotiate at COP 28, individuals also play a crucial role in the fight against climate change. Here are ways you can contribute:
- Reduce Carbon Footprint: Make sustainable choices in daily life, such as using renewable energy, minimizing waste, and adopting eco-friendly transportation. Use this calculator to make lifestyles change and reduce your emissions.
- Advocate for Change: Raise awareness about climate issues, engage in conversations, and encourage others to live sustainably.
- Support Renewable Energy: Choose an energy supplier who supports renewable energy sources to transition away from fossil fuels. Octopus Energy or Ecotricty are ones to check out.
- Educate Yourself: Stay informed about climate issues, scientific findings, and global developments to make informed decisions and advocate for effective policies.
- Participate Locally: Get involved in local initiatives, community projects, and environmental organizations working towards sustainability. Here’s a list of projects you can get involved with: Food Union, British Heart Foundation, Warwickshire Wildlife Trust or work with our grounds team to help improve the university’s green spaces!
COP 28 offers an opportunity to address climate change and create a sustainable future. It’s our collective responsibility to contribute ways, and even small changes can make a difference. Global leaders are coming together for the greater good, and we should take inspiration and implement sustainability practices in our daily lives. The outcome of the 28th Conference of Parties (COP) holds significant implications for all life on our planet. Our collective choices and actions will have far-reaching consequences not only for the current population but also for future generations.
References
[2]Climate Change: Global Temperature | NOAA Climate.gov
[3]WMO Atlas of Mortality and Economic Losses from Weather, Climate and Water Extremes (1970–2019)
[4]What you need to know about the COP27 Loss and Damage Fund (unep.org)
[5]UN climate summit host UAE failed to report methane emissions to UN | Cop28 | The Guardian
[6]Cop28 host UAE breaking its own ban on routine gas flaring, data shows | Gas | The Guardian
[7]COP28: UAE sparks backlash by appointing oil chief as president (cnbc.com)
[8]UK to pay 66 per cent more for offshore wind energy after failed auction | E+T Magazine (theiet.org)
[9]What’s holding back the UK’s clean-energy charge? – Raconteur